Dark matter - a mystery never solved

What is the dark matter? How could we measure its? What tools that available to proved of its present? A lot of questions have been raising related to this issues, but no one can proved its yet including Nobel Laurate.

Nobel laureate,James Watson Cronin said that most of the universe -- 96 percent, to be exact -- is made of dark matter and energy whose composition we simply do not fathom. "We think we understand the universe, but we only understand four percent of everything," said James Watson Cronin, who won the 1980 Nobel for physics by proving that certain subatomic reactions escape the laws of fundamental symmetry.
According the most recent models, he said, 73 percent of cosmic energy seems to consist of "dark energy" and 23 percent of dark matter, the pervasive but unidentified stuff that holds the universe together and accelerates its expansion.

The remaining four percent consists of so-called "normal matter" such as atoms and molecules.

Stavros Katsanevas,head of France's national institute for nuclear and particle physics admit that we have an idea as to its parameters, but we still don't know what dark matter is made of,".Over the next decade, explained Katsanevas, scientists will be tackling three big questions besides dark matter: the origin of cosmic rays, the existence of gravitational waves, and the mass of neutrinos, which have provided the first solid evidence of phenomena beyond what is called the Standard Model of particle physics. He also described the panoply of tools and international mega-projects designed to shed light into the universe's darker corners.

What interest me here is although we have done a lot of research and studies for more than 2 thousand years , but we only know a mere 4 percent only of universe. And, in 4 % we claimed we're understood, can we make sure its all correct? What is the tiniest particles we have discovered, it's nucleus, proton, quarks, hudron or medson? In this fact, we need to feel timid of God's power, we actually don't have nothing, everything that we have known are so little compared to gracious of God, our Majesty in this universe. God encompass everything in this universe, a little knowledge given to human being is a manifestation of Allah to show His power and tend all peoples feel afraid to Him.

Source : Physorg

Matter-antimatter molecules of positronium observed in the lab for the first time

Matter-antimatter, how far we can infer its is existed? Should we believe antimatter cannot co-exist with matter for more than a very small measure of time because they annihilate each other to release enormous amounts of energy in the form of gamma radiation? How we can determine or measure of anti-matter if its cannot interact with any matter? How we can store it? A lot of question are in dubiousness and need an answers from physicists.

But, for the first time, a team of researchers at UC Riverside claim that they have succeed in created molecular positronium, an entirely new object in the laboratory. Briefly stable, each molecule is made up of a pair of electrons and a pair of their antiparticles, called positrons.

The researchers made the positronium molecules by firing intense bursts of positrons into a thin film of porous silica, which is the chemical name for the mineral quartz. Upon slowing down in silica, the positrons were captured by ordinary electrons to form positronium atoms.

When an electron meets a positron, their mutual annihilation may ensue or positronium, a briefly stable, hydrogen-like atom, may be formed. The stability of a positronium atom is threatened again when the atom collides with another positronium atom. Such a collision of two positronium atoms can result in their annihilation, accompanied by the production of a powerful and energetic type of electromagnetic radiation called gamma radiation, or the creation of a molecule of positronium, the kind Cassidy and Mills observed in their lab.

Study results appear in the Sept. 13 issue of Nature.

Source : Physorg